He notes that anything less than 12-pt line spacing causes the descenders of the characters to be cut off. This means that with an 11-pt font, he wants the line spacing to be 11-pt or less. Michael wants to adjust the line spacing in his paragraphs to the same or less than the specified size of the font he is using. (In Word, Microsoft chose to refer to this as line spacing instead of leading.) You can also use software to adjust the inter-line spacing of the characters this is called leading. You can use software to adjust the horizontal spacing of the characters this spacing is called kerning. Obviously, there will be "whitespace" inside each character's box, as the stroke of each character doesn't fill the entire rectangular box. Again, this "box" is defined individually for each character in the font. The height indicates how far above and below the baseline the character extends vertically. The width indicates how close, by default, the characters can get to each other horizontally. When a font is designed, at a minimum each character is designed within what can be viewed as a "box" which essentially defines the width and height of the character. How characters are actually placed on paper is dependent on two things-the way the font was designed, and the way the printer's internal software translates the font for printing. Michael wants line spacing less than 12-pt but wonders if it is possible. He wants to reduce the line spacing (leading) to make it look more "newspaper column-like." He is using an 11-pt font, but when he sets the line spacing "exactly" at anything less than 12-pt, the printer chops off the lower portions of the character descenders. Michael is formatting text into a three-column article.
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